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Accounting & Audit

Bank statement analysis · FY2025

Freshmart Supermarket — Cash Flow Analysis

Key result · ₦73.8m net inflow; ₦66.0m idle above a 3-month buffer

Case study by Blessing Osamudiamen, ACA · Chartered Accountant & Financial Analyst

Total receipts
₦121.7m
Total payments
₦47.9m
Net cash inflow
₦73.8m
Months of cash cover
19.5

1 · Problem statement

From a full year of bank transactions: where did a supermarket's cash come from, where did it go, and what should it expect in Q1 2026?

2 · Methodology

Reconciled the running balance on all 161 transactions, tagged 8 inflow and 14 outflow categories, and built a SUMIFS monthly analysis tied back to statement totals.

  1. Reconciled: checked the running balance on every line, from opening to closing balance.
  2. Categorised each receipt and payment into 8 inflow and 14 outflow categories.
  3. Summarised a monthly analysis with SUMIFS formulas that tie back to statement totals.
  4. Projected an indicative Q1 2026 cash outlook from the same months of 2025.
  • Excel
  • SUMIFS
  • Reconciliation
  • Cash Forecasting
  • Data Quality

3 · Key findings

  • December and January brought 32% of receipts; March to November averaged ₦8.1m a month.
  • Stock, payroll and rent made up 79.5% of payments.
  • 87% of receipts were counter cash deposits; card settlements were 13%.
  • Q1 2026 closing balance is projected at ₦101.5m.

4 · Strategic recommendations

  1. Confirm the rent schedule — rent was paid 6 times at ₦1.5m against four quarters; check ₦3.0m against the lease.
  2. Put surplus cash to work — keep a 3-month buffer (₦12.0m) and move ₦66.0m into interest-bearing instruments.
  3. Clean up the categories — merge duplicates and report reserve transfers and capital spending apart from operating costs.

The “so what?”

Freshmart turned 61% of receipts into cash, but ₦66.0m sits above a sensible buffer and ₦3.0m of rent needs checking.

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